VCFtools is a set of VCF file processing tools written in Perl and C++. It offers comprehensive capabilities for handling VCF format files, including: site filtering (based on missing rate, MAF, HWE, etc.), sample screening, format conversion, and calculation of population genetics statistics (such as Fst, Tajima's D, nucleotide diversity, etc.). VCFtools is a standard tool for large-scale population genetics research projects like the 1000 Genomes Project, and it is actively maintained and updated through GitHub.